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"Critique of the Kantian philosophy" is a criticism Arthur Schopenhauer appended to the first volume of his ''The World as Will and Representation''. He wanted to show Immanuel Kant's errors so that Kant's merits would be appreciated and his achievements furthered. At the time he wrote his criticism, Schopenhauer was familiar only with the second (1787) edition of Kant's ''Critique of Pure Reason''. When he later read the first (1781) edition, he said that many of Kant's contradictions were not evident. ==Kant's merits== According to Schopenhauer's essay, Kant's three main merits are as follows: # The distinction of the phenomenon from the thing-in-itself ''(Ding an sich)'' # * The intellect mediates between things and knowledge. # * Locke's primary qualities result from the mind's activity, just as his secondary qualities result from receptivity at any of the five senses. # * ''A priori'' knowledge is separate from ''a posteriori'' knowledge. # * The ideal and the real are diverse from each other. # * Transcendental philosophy goes beyond dogmatic philosophy's "eternal truths", such as the principle of contradiction and the principle of sufficient reason. It shows that those "truths" are based on necessary forms of thought that exist in the mind. # The explanation of how the moral significance of human conduct is different from the laws that are concerned with phenomena # * The significance is directly related to the thing-in-itself, the innermost nature of the world. # Religious scholastic philosophy is completely overthrown by the demonstration of the impossibility of proofs for speculative theology and also for rational psychology, or reasoned study of the soul. Schopenhauer also said that Kant's discussion, on pages A534 to A550, of the contrast between empirical and intelligible characters is one of Kant's most profound ideas. Schopenhauer asserted that it is among the most admirable things ever said by a human. * The empirical character of a phenomenon is completely determined. * The intelligible character of a phenomenon is free. It is the thing-in-itself which is experienced as a phenomenon. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Critique of the Kantian philosophy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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